Bring k8s cheat sheet to docs

Bring the support team k8s cheat sheet into the
main documentation

doc/administration/index.md

@@ -188,3 +188,5 @@ Learn how to install, configure, update, and maintain your GitLab instance.
 - Useful [diagnostics tools](troubleshooting/diagnostics_tools.md) that are sometimes used by the GitLab
   Support team.
 - [Troubleshooting ElasticSearch](troubleshooting/elasticsearch.md): Tips to troubleshoot ElasticSearch.
+- [Kubernetes troubleshooting](troubleshooting/kubernetes_cheat_sheet.md): Commands and tips useful
+  for troubleshooting Kubernetes-related issues.

doc/administration/troubleshooting/kubernetes_cheat_sheet.md

+---
+type: reference
+---
+
+# Kubernetes, GitLab and You
+
+This is a list of useful information regarding Kubernetes that the GitLab Support
+Team sometimes uses while troubleshooting. GitLab is making this public, so that anyone
+can make use of the Support team's collected knowledge
+
+CAUTION: **Caution:**
+These commands **can alter or break** your Kubernetes components so use these at your own risk.
+
+If you are on a [paid tier](https://about.gitlab.com/pricing/) and are not sure how
+to use these commands, it is best to [contact Support](https://about.gitlab.com/support/)
+and they will assist you with any issues you are having.
+
+## Generic kubernetes commands
+
+- How to authorize to your GCP project (can be especially useful if you have projects
+  under different GCP accounts):
+
+  ```bash
+  gcloud auth login
+  ```
+
+- How to access Kubernetes dashboard:
+
+  ```bash
+  # for minikube:
+  minikube dashboard —url
+  # for non-local installations if access via kubectl is configured:
+  kubectl proxy
+  ```
+
+- How to ssh to a Kubernetes node and enter the container as root
+  <https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/30656>:
+
+  - For GCP, you may find the node name and run `gcloud compute ssh node-name`.
+  - List containers using `docker ps`.
+  - Enter container using `docker exec --user root -ti container-id bash`.
+
+- How to copy a file from local machine to a pod:
+
+  ```bash
+  kubectl cp file-name pod-name:./destination-path
+  ```
+
+- What to do with pods in `CrashLoopBackoff` status:
+
+  - Check logs via Kubernetes dashboard.
+  - Check logs via `kubectl`:
+
+    ```bash
+    kubectl logs <unicorn pod> -c dependencies
+    ```
+
+- How to tail all Kubernetes cluster events in real time:
+
+  ```bash
+  kubectl get events -w --all-namespaces
+  ```
+
+- How to get logs of the previously terminated pod instance:
+
+  ```bash
+  kubectl logs <pod-name> --previous
+  ```
+
+  NOTE: **Note:**
+  No logs are kept in the containers/pods themselves, everything is written to stdout.
+  This is the principle of Kubernetes, read [Twelve-factor app](https://12factor.net/)
+  for details.
+
+## Gitlab-specific kubernetes information
+
+- Minimal config that can be used to test a Kubernetes helm chart can be found
+  [here](https://gitlab.com/charts/gitlab/issues/620).
+
+- Tailing logs of a separate pod. An example for a unicorn pod:
+
+  ```bash
+  kubectl logs gitlab-unicorn-7656fdd6bf-jqzfs -c unicorn
+  ```
+
+- It is not possible to get all the logs via `kubectl` at once, like with `gitlab-ctl tail`,
+  but a number of third-party tools can be used to do it:
+
+  - [Kubetail](https://github.com/johanhaleby/kubetail)
+  - [kail: kubernetes tail](https://github.com/boz/kail)
+  - [stern](https://github.com/wercker/stern)
+
+- Check all events in the `gitlab` namespace (the namespace name can be different if you
+  specified a different one when deploying the helm chart):
+
+  ```bash
+  kubectl get events -w --namespace=gitlab
+  ```
+
+- Most of the useful GitLab tools (console, rake tasks, etc) are found in the task-runner
+  pod. You may enter it and run commands inside or run them from the outside:
+
+  ```bash
+  # find the pod
+  kubectl get pods | grep task-runner
+
+  # enter it
+  kubectl exec -it <task-runner-pod-name> bash
+
+  # open rails console
+  # rails console can be also called from other GitLab pods
+  /srv/gitlab/bin/rails console
+
+  # source-style commands should also work
+  /srv/gitlab && bundle exec rake gitlab:check RAILS_ENV=production
+
+  # run GitLab check. Note that the output can be confusing and invalid because of the specific structure of GitLab installed via helm chart
+  /usr/local/bin/gitlab-rake gitlab:check
+
+  # open console without entering pod
+  kubectl exec -it <task-runner-pod-name> /srv/gitlab/bin/rails console
+
+  # check the status of DB migrations
+  kubectl exec -it <task-runner-pod-name> /usr/local/bin/gitlab-rake db:migrate:status
+  ```
+
+  You can also use `gitlab-rake`, instead of `/usr/local/bin/gitlab-rake`.
+
+- Troubleshooting **Operations > Kubernetes** integration:
+
+  - Check the output of `kubectl get events -w --all-namespaces`.
+  - Check the logs of pods within `gitlab-managed-apps` namespace.
+  - On the side of GitLab check sidekiq log and kubernetes log. When GitLab is installed
+    via helm chart, kubernetes.log can be found inside the sidekiq pod.
+
+- How to get your initial admin password <https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/installation/deployment.html#initial-login>:
+
+  ```bash
+  # find the name of the secret containing the password
+  kubectl get secrets | grep initial-root
+  # decode it
+  kubectl get secret <secret-name> -ojsonpath={.data.password} | base64 --decode ; echo
+  ```
+
+- How to connect to a GitLab postgres database:
+
+  ```bash
+  kubectl exec -it <task-runner-pod-name> -- /srv/gitlab/bin/rails dbconsole -p
+  ```
+  
+- How to get info about helm installation status:
+
+  ```bash
+  helm status name-of-installation
+  ```
+
+- How to update GitLab installed using helm chart:
+
+  ```bash
+  helm repo upgrade
+
+  # get current values and redirect them to yaml file (analogue of gitlab.rb values)
+  helm get values <release name> > gitlab.yaml
+
+  # run upgrade itself
+  helm upgrade <release name> <chart path> -f gitlab.yaml
+  ```
+
+  After <https://canary.gitlab.com/charts/gitlab/issues/780> is fixed, it should
+  be possible to use [Updating GitLab using the Helm Chart](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/install/kubernetes/gitlab_chart.html#updating-gitlab-using-the-helm-chart)
+  for upgrades.
+
+- How to apply changes to GitLab config:
+
+  - Modify the `gitlab.yaml` file.
+  - Run the following command to apply changes:
+
+    ```bash
+    helm upgrade <release name> <chart path> -f gitlab.yaml
+    ```
+
+## Installation of minimal GitLab config via minukube on macOS
+
+This section is based on [Developing for Kubernetes with Minikube](https://gitlab.com/charts/gitlab/blob/master/doc/minikube/index.md)
+and [Helm](https://gitlab.com/charts/gitlab/blob/master/doc/helm/index.md). Refer
+to those documents for details.
+
+- Install kubectl via Homebrew:
+
+  ```bash
+  brew install kubernetes-cli
+  ```
+
+- Install minikube via Homebrew:
+
+  ```bash
+  brew cask install minikube
+  ```
+
+- Start minikube and configure it. If minikube cannot start, try running `minikube delete && minikube start`
+  and repeat the steps:
+
+  ```bash
+  minikube start --cpus 3 --memory 8192 # minimum amount for GitLab to work
+  minikube addons enable ingress
+  minikube addons enable kube-dns
+  ```
+
+- Install helm via Homebrew and initialize it:
+
+  ```bash
+  brew install kubernetes-helm
+  helm init --service-account tiller
+  ```
+
+- Copy the file <https://gitlab.com/charts/gitlab/raw/master/examples/values-minikube-minimum.yaml>
+  to your workstation.
+
+- Find the IP address in the output of `minikube ip` and update the yaml file with
+  this IP address.
+
+- Install the GitLab helm chart:
+
+  ```bash
+  helm repo add gitlab https://charts.gitlab.io
+  helm install --name gitlab -f <path-to-yaml-file> gitlab/gitlab
+  ```
+
+  If you want to modify some GitLab settings, you can use the above-mentioned config
+  as a base and create your own yaml file.
+
+- Monitor the installation progress via `helm status gitlab` and `minikube dashboard`.
+  The installation could take up to 20-30 minutes depending on the amount of resources
+  on your workstation.
+
+- When all the pods show either a `Running` or `Completed` status, get the GitLab password as
+  described in [Initial login](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/install/kubernetes/gitlab_chart.html#initial-login),
+  and log in to GitLab via the UI. It will be accessible via `https://gitlab.domain`
+  where `domain` is the value provided in the yaml file.
+
+<!-- ## Troubleshooting
+
+Include any troubleshooting steps that you can foresee. If you know beforehand what issues
+one might have when setting this up, or when something is changed, or on upgrading, it's
+important to describe those, too. Think of things that may go wrong and include them here.
+This is important to minimize requests for support, and to avoid doc comments with
+questions that you know someone might ask.
+
+Each scenario can be a third-level heading, e.g. `### Getting error message X`.
+If you have none to add when creating a doc, leave this section in place
+but commented out to help encourage others to add to it in the future. -->