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Merge branch 'docs/refactor-k8s-cluster' into 'master' 

Improve Clusters documentation

See merge request gitlab-org/gitlab-ce!16435
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# Connecting GitLab with a Kubernetes cluster
 
> [Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/issues/35954) in 10.1.
> [Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/issues/35954) in GitLab 10.1.
Connect your project to Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) or an existing Kubernetes
cluster in a few steps.
 
With a cluster associated to your project, you can use Review Apps, deploy your
applications, run your pipelines, and much more, in an easy way.
 
Connect your project to Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) or your own Kubernetes
cluster in a few steps.
NOTE: **Note:**
The Cluster integration will eventually supersede the
[Kubernetes integration](../integrations/kubernetes.md). For the moment,
you can create only one cluster.
There are two options when adding a new cluster to your project; either associate
your account with Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) so that you can [create new
clusters](#adding-and-creating-a-new-gke-cluster-via-gitlab) from within GitLab,
or provide the credentials to an [existing Kubernetes cluster](#adding-an-existing-kubernetes-cluster).
 
## Prerequisites
 
In order to be able to manage your GKE cluster through GitLab, the following
prerequisites must be met:
In order to be able to manage your Kubernetes cluster through GitLab, the
following prerequisites must be met.
**For a cluster hosted on GKE:**
 
- The [Google authentication integration](../../../integration/google.md) must
be enabled in GitLab at the instance level. If that's not the case, ask your
administrator to enable it.
GitLab administrator to enable it.
- Your associated Google account must have the right privileges to manage
clusters on GKE. That would mean that a [billing
account](https://cloud.google.com/billing/docs/how-to/manage-billing-account)
@@ -31,41 +33,88 @@ prerequisites must be met:
- You must have [Resource Manager
API](https://cloud.google.com/resource-manager/)
 
If all of the above requirements are met, you can proceed to add a new GKE
**For an existing Kubernetes cluster:**
- Since the cluster is already created, there are no prerequisites.
---
If all of the above requirements are met, you can proceed to add a new Kubernetes
cluster.
 
## Adding a cluster
## Adding and creating a new GKE cluster via GitLab
NOTE: **Note:**
You need Master [permissions] and above to access the Clusters page.
Before proceeding, make sure all [prerequisites](#prerequisites) are met.
To add a new cluster hosted on GKE to your project:
1. Navigate to your project's **CI/CD > Clusters** page.
1. Click on **Add cluster**.
1. Click on **Create with GKE**.
1. Connect your Google account if you haven't done already by clicking the
**Sign in with Google** button.
1. Fill in the requested values:
- **Cluster name** (required) - The name you wish to give the cluster.
- **GCP project ID** (required) - The ID of the project you created in your GCP
console that will host the Kubernetes cluster. This must **not** be confused
with the project name. Learn more about [Google Cloud Platform projects](https://cloud.google.com/resource-manager/docs/creating-managing-projects).
- **Zone** - The [zone](https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/regions-zones/)
under which the cluster will be created.
- **Number of nodes** - The number of nodes you wish the cluster to have.
- **Machine type** - The [machine type](https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/machine-types)
of the Virtual Machine instance that the cluster will be based on.
- **Environment scope** - The [associated environment](#setting-the-environment-scope) to this cluster.
1. Finally, click the **Create cluster** button.
After a few moments, your cluster should be created. If something goes wrong,
you will be notified.
You can now proceed to install some pre-defined applications and then
enable the Cluster integration.
## Adding an existing Kubernetes cluster
 
NOTE: **Note:**
You need Master [permissions] and above to add a cluster.
There are two options when adding a new cluster; either use Google Kubernetes
Engine (GKE) or provide the credentials to your own Kubernetes cluster.
To add a new cluster:
1. Navigate to your project's **CI/CD > Cluster** page
1. If you want to let GitLab create a cluster on GKE for you, go through the
following steps, otherwise skip to the next one.
1. Click on **Create with GKE**
1. Connect your Google account if you haven't done already by clicking the
**Sign in with Google** button
1. Fill in the requested values:
- **Cluster name** (required) - The name you wish to give the cluster.
- **GCP project ID** (required) - The ID of the project you created in your GCP
console that will host the Kubernetes cluster. This must **not** be confused
with the project name. Learn more about [Google Cloud Platform projects](https://cloud.google.com/resource-manager/docs/creating-managing-projects).
- **Zone** - The [zone](https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/regions-zones/)
under which the cluster will be created.
- **Number of nodes** - The number of nodes you wish the cluster to have.
- **Machine type** - The [machine type](https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/machine-types)
of the Virtual Machine instance that the cluster will be based on.
- **Project namespace** - The unique namespace for this project. By default you
don't have to fill it in; by leaving it blank, GitLab will create one for you.
1. If you want to use your own existing Kubernetes cluster, click on
**Add an existing cluster** and fill in the details as described in the
[Kubernetes integration](../integrations/kubernetes.md) documentation.
1. Finally, click the **Create cluster** button
You need Master [permissions] and above to access the Clusters page.
To add an existing Kubernetes cluster to your project:
1. Navigate to your project's **CI/CD > Clusters** page.
1. Click on **Add cluster**.
1. Click on **Add an existing cluster** and fill in the details:
- **Cluster name** (required) - The name you wish to give the cluster.
- **Environment scope** (required)- The
[associated environment](#setting-the-environment-scope) to this cluster.
- **API URL** (required) -
It's the URL that GitLab uses to access the Kubernetes API. Kubernetes
exposes several APIs, we want the "base" URL that is common to all of them,
e.g., `https://kubernetes.example.com` rather than `https://kubernetes.example.com/api/v1`.
- **CA certificate** (optional) -
If the API is using a self-signed TLS certificate, you'll also need to include
the `ca.crt` contents here.
- **Token** -
GitLab authenticates against Kubernetes using service tokens, which are
scoped to a particular `namespace`. If you don't have a service token yet,
you can follow the
[Kubernetes documentation](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-service-account/)
to create one. You can also view or create service tokens in the
[Kubernetes dashboard](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/web-ui-dashboard/#config)
(under **Config > Secrets**).
- **Project namespace** (optional) - The following apply:
- By default you don't have to fill it in; by leaving it blank, GitLab will
create one for you.
- Each project should have a unique namespace.
- The project namespace is not necessarily the namespace of the secret, if
you're using a secret with broader permissions, like the secret from `default`.
- You should **not** use `default` as the project namespace.
- If you or someone created a secret specifically for the project, usually
with limited permissions, the secret's namespace and project namespace may
be the same.
1. Finally, click the **Create cluster** button.
The Kubernetes service takes the following parameters:
 
After a few moments, your cluster should be created. If something goes wrong,
you will be notified.
@@ -85,6 +134,91 @@ added directly to your configured cluster. Those applications are needed for
| [Ingress](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress/) | 10.2+ | Ingress can provide load balancing, SSL termination, and name-based virtual hosting. It acts as a web proxy for your applications and is useful if you want to use [Auto DevOps](../../../topics/autodevops/index.md) or deploy your own web apps. |
| [Prometheus](https://prometheus.io/docs/introduction/overview/) | 10.4+ | Prometheus is an open-source monitoring and alerting system useful to supervise your deployed applications |
 
## Setting the environment scope
When adding more than one clusters, you need to differentiate them with an
environment scope. The environment scope associates clusters and
[environments](../../../ci/environments.md) in an 1:1 relationship similar to how the
[environment-specific variables](../../../ci/variables/README.md#limiting-environment-scopes-of-secret-variables)
work.
The default environment scope is `*`, which means all jobs, regardless of their
environment, will use that cluster. Each scope can only be used by a single
cluster in a project, and a validation error will occur if otherwise.
---
For example, let's say the following clusters exist in a project:
| Cluster | Environment scope |
| ---------- | ------------------- |
| Development| `*` |
| Staging | `staging/*` |
| Production | `production/*` |
And the following environments are set in [`.gitlab-ci.yml`](../../../ci/yaml/README.md):
```yaml
stages:
- test
- deploy
test:
stage: test
script: sh test
deploy to staging:
stage: deploy
script: make deploy
environment:
name: staging/$CI_COMMIT_REF_NAME
url: https://staging.example.com/
deploy to production:
stage: deploy
script: make deploy
environment:
name: production/$CI_COMMIT_REF_NAME
url: https://example.com/
```
The result will then be:
- The development cluster will be used for the "test" job.
- The staging cluster will be used for the "deploy to staging" job.
- The production cluster will be used for the "deploy to production" job.
## Multiple Kubernetes clusters
> Introduced in [GitLab Enterprise Edition Premium][ee] 10.3.
With GitLab EEP, you can associate more than one Kubernetes clusters to your
project. That way you can have different clusters for different environments,
like dev, staging, production, etc.
To add another cluster, follow the same steps as described in [adding a
Kubernetes cluster](#adding-a-kubernetes-cluster) and make sure to
[set an environment scope](#setting-the-environment-scope) that will
differentiate the new cluster with the rest.
## Deployment variables
The Kubernetes cluster integration exposes the following
[deployment variables](../../../ci/variables/README.md#deployment-variables) in the
GitLab CI/CD build environment:
- `KUBE_URL` - Equal to the API URL.
- `KUBE_TOKEN` - The Kubernetes token.
- `KUBE_NAMESPACE` - The Kubernetes namespace is auto-generated if not specified.
The default value is `<project_name>-<project_id>`. You can overwrite it to
use different one if needed, otherwise the `KUBE_NAMESPACE` variable will
receive the default value.
- `KUBE_CA_PEM_FILE` - Only present if a custom CA bundle was specified. Path
to a file containing PEM data.
- `KUBE_CA_PEM` (deprecated) - Only if a custom CA bundle was specified. Raw PEM data.
- `KUBECONFIG` - Path to a file containing `kubeconfig` for this deployment.
CA bundle would be embedded if specified.
## Enabling or disabling the Cluster integration
 
After you have successfully added your cluster information, you can enable the
@@ -111,4 +245,62 @@ To remove the Cluster integration from your project, simply click on the
**Remove integration** button. You will then be able to follow the procedure
and [add a cluster](#adding-a-cluster) again.
 
## What you can get with the Kubernetes integration
Here's what you can do with GitLab if you enable the Kubernetes integration.
### Deploy Boards (EEP)
> Available in [GitLab Enterprise Edition Premium][ee].
GitLab's Deploy Boards offer a consolidated view of the current health and
status of each CI [environment](../../../ci/environments.md) running on Kubernetes,
displaying the status of the pods in the deployment. Developers and other
teammates can view the progress and status of a rollout, pod by pod, in the
workflow they already use without any need to access Kubernetes.
[> Read more about Deploy Boards](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/project/deploy_boards.html)
### Canary Deployments (EEP)
> Available in [GitLab Enterprise Edition Premium][ee].
Leverage [Kubernetes' Canary deployments](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/manage-deployment/#canary-deployments)
and visualize your canary deployments right inside the Deploy Board, without
the need to leave GitLab.
[> Read more about Canary Deployments](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/project/canary_deployments.html)
### Kubernetes monitoring
Automatically detect and monitor Kubernetes metrics. Automatic monitoring of
[NGINX ingress](../integrations/prometheus_library/nginx.md) is also supported.
[> Read more about Kubernetes monitoring](../integrations/prometheus_library/kubernetes.md)
### Auto DevOps
Auto DevOps automatically detects, builds, tests, deploys, and monitors your
applications.
To make full use of Auto DevOps(Auto Deploy, Auto Review Apps, and Auto Monitoring)
you will need the Kubernetes project integration enabled.
[> Read more about Auto DevOps](../../../topics/autodevops/index.md)
### Web terminals
NOTE: **Note:**
Introduced in GitLab 8.15. You must be the project owner or have `master` permissions
to use terminals. Support is limited to the first container in the
first pod of your environment.
When enabled, the Kubernetes service adds [web terminal](../../../ci/environments.md#web-terminals)
support to your [environments](../../../ci/environments.md). This is based on the `exec` functionality found in
Docker and Kubernetes, so you get a new shell session within your existing
containers. To use this integration, you should deploy to Kubernetes using
the deployment variables above, ensuring any pods you create are labelled with
`app=$CI_ENVIRONMENT_SLUG`. GitLab will do the rest!
[permissions]: ../../permissions.md
[ee]: https://about.gitlab.com/gitlab-ee/
doc/user/project/integrations/kubernetes.md
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@@ -2,11 +2,15 @@
last_updated: 2017-12-28
---
 
CAUTION: **Warning:**
Kubernetes service integration has been deprecated in GitLab 10.3. If the service is active the cluster information still be editable, however we advised to disable and reconfigure the clusters using the new [Clusters](../clusters/index.md) page. If the service is inactive the fields will be uneditable. Read [GitLab 10.3 release post](https://about.gitlab.com/2017/12/22/gitlab-10-3-released/#kubernetes-integration-service) for more information.
# GitLab Kubernetes / OpenShift integration
 
CAUTION: **Warning:**
The Kubernetes service integration has been deprecated in GitLab 10.3. If the
service is active, the cluster information will still be editable, however we
advise to disable and reconfigure the clusters using the new
[Clusters](../clusters/index.md) page. If the service is inactive, the fields
will not be editable. Read [GitLab 10.3 release post](https://about.gitlab.com/2017/12/22/gitlab-10-3-released/#kubernetes-integration-service) for more information.
GitLab can be configured to interact with Kubernetes, or other systems using the
Kubernetes API (such as OpenShift).
 
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