MergeRequest#rebase_in_progress? and MergeRequest#rebase_path were called
twice each time per request. This memoization helps reduce the overall number
of queries.

See https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ee/-/jobs/51616319 as a failing
job.

Closes gitlab-org/gitlab-ee#4857

Fix tests

Address code review feedback

Fix tests

Fixes #37439
Fixes gitaly#1000

This reduces the number of RefExists RPC call.

The refs hash is used to determine what branches and tags have a commit
as head in the network graph. The previous implementation depended on
Rugged#references. The problem with this implementation was that it
depended on rugged, but also that it iterated over all references and
thus loading more data than needed if for example the project uses CI/CD
environments, Pipelines, or Merge Requests.

Given only refs are checked the network cares about the GraphHelper#refs
method has no need to reject those, simplifying the method.

Closes gitlab-org/gitaly#880

+ address small nitpicks

Closes #40755.

- Move the exception handling as close to the source as possible to
avoid leaking Psych ahstraction
- Also remove unnecessary rescue all statement from LintsController.
This should not be necessary anymore since any YAML errors should all be
caught by the #validation_message method.