Improve diff lines count efficiency

Adds `# frozen_string_literal: true` to spec/models ruby files

Since external diffs are likely to be a bit slower than in-database
ones, add a mode that makes diffs external after they've been obsoleted
by events. This should strike a balance between performance and disk
space.

A background cron drives the majority of migrations, since diffs become
outdated through user actions.

If a diff happened to include a single null byte anywhere, insertion
into the database would fail with an Error 500 since the column is text
and not a byte array. To fix this, we mark the diff as binary if we
detect a single null byte and Base64-encode it.

Closes https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/issues/57710

Fetch database columns directly if available

Previously for a given merge request, we would:

1. Create the array of commit SHAs involved in the push (A)
2. Request all merge request commits and map the SHA (B)
3. Reload the diff if there were any common commits between A and B

We can avoid additional database querying and overhead by
checking with the database whether the merge request contains any
of the commit SHAs.

Relates to https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/issues/53213

When we save merge request diffs to the database, we need to expand the diff
before doing so. That's so that we can expand diffs (within the normal limits)
without hitting the repository, but just by going to the database.

This is done implicitly - diffs are expanded unless we say otherwise. However,
we have another option we can pass, that lets us enforce diff size limits, that
defaults to true.

Prior to this commit:

- The Rugged code path defaulted to setting `expanded: true` and
  `enforce_limits: true`.
- The Gitaly code path defaulted to setting `expanded: false` and
  `enforce_limits: true`.

This was introduced by eb36fa17, which
implemented the initial feature. Since then, if the `gitaly_diff_between`
feature flag was enabled, MRs would have diffs that could not be expanded in
some cases, with no fix other than to disable the feature flag and force push to
the MR to refresh the diff in the database.

The st_commits and st_diffs columns on merge_request_diffs historically held the
YAML-serialised data for a merge request diff, in a variety of formats.

Since 9.5, these have been migrated in the background to two new tables:
merge_request_diff_commits and merge_request_diff_files. That has the advantage
that we can actually query the data (for instance, to find out how many commits
we've stored), and that it can't be in a variety of formats, but must match the
new schema.

This is the final step of that journey, where we drop those columns and remove
all references to them. This is a breaking change to the importer, because we
can no longer import diffs created in the old format, and we cannot guarantee
the export will be in the new format unless it was generated after this commit.

Compared to the merge_request_diff association:

1. It's simpler to query. The query uses a foreign key to the
   merge_request_diffs table, so no ordering is necessary.
2. It's faster for preloading. The merge_request_diff association has to load
   every diff for the MRs in the set, then discard all but the most recent for
   each. This association means that Rails can just query for N diffs from N
   MRs.
3. It's more complicated to update. This is a bidirectional foreign key, so we
   need to update two tables when adding a diff record. This also means we need
   to handle this as a special case when importing a GitLab project.

There is some juggling with this association in the merge request model:

* `MergeRequest#latest_merge_request_diff` is _always_ the latest diff.
* `MergeRequest#merge_request_diff` reuses
  `MergeRequest#latest_merge_request_diff` unless:
    * Arguments are passed. These are typically to force-reload the association.
    * It doesn't exist. That means we might be trying to implicitly create a
      diff. This only seems to happen in specs.
    * The association is already loaded. This is important for the reasons
      explained in the comment, which I'll reiterate here: if we a) load a
      non-latest diff, then b) get its `merge_request`, then c) get that MR's
      `merge_request_diff`, we should get the diff we loaded in c), even though
      that's not the latest diff.

Basically, `MergeRequest#merge_request_diff` is the latest diff in most cases,
but not quite all.

Signed-off-by: Rémy Coutable <remy@rymai.me>

Remove superfluous lib: true, type: redis, service: true, models: true, services: true, no_db: true, api: true

Signed-off-by: Rémy Coutable <remy@rymai.me>

Previously, we used Psych, which would:

1. Check if a string was encoded as binary, and not ASCII-compatible.
2. Add the !binary tag in that case.
3. Convert to base64.

We need to do the same thing, using a new column in place of the tag.

This is an ID-less table with just three columns: an association to the merge
request diff the commit belongs to, the relative order of the commit within the
merge request diff, and the commit SHA itself.

Previously we stored much more information about the commits, so that we could
display them even when they were deleted from the repo. Since 8.0, we ensure
that those commits are kept around for as long as the target repo itself is, so
we don't need to duplicate that data in the database.

This adds an ID-less table containing one row per file, per merge request
diff. It has a column for each attribute on Gitlab::Git::Diff that is serialised
currently, with the advantage that we can easily query the attributes of this
new table.

It does not migrate existing data, so we have fallback code when the legacy
st_diffs column is present instead. For a merge request diff to be valid, it
should have at most one of:

* Rows in this new table, with the correct merge_request_diff_id.
* A non-NULL st_diffs column.

It may have neither, if the diff is empty.

This reverts commit e00fb2bdc2090e9cabeb1eb35a2672a882cc96e9.

# Conflicts:
#	.rubocop.yml
#	.rubocop_todo.yml
#	lib/gitlab/ci/config/entry/global.rb
#	lib/gitlab/ci/config/entry/jobs.rb
#	spec/lib/gitlab/ci/config/entry/factory_spec.rb
#	spec/lib/gitlab/ci/config/entry/global_spec.rb
#	spec/lib/gitlab/ci/config/entry/job_spec.rb
#	spec/lib/gitlab/ci/status/build/factory_spec.rb
#	spec/lib/gitlab/incoming_email_spec.rb

This reverts commit cb10b725c8929b8b4460f89c9d96c773af39ba6b.

when we care only about the number of commits

We do not have to instantiate all objects in this case.

Signed-off-by: Dmitriy Zaporozhets <dmitriy.zaporozhets@gmail.com>

Signed-off-by: Dmitriy Zaporozhets <dmitriy.zaporozhets@gmail.com>