Fix Sidekiq scheduling_latency_s

Closes #65748

See merge request gitlab-org/gitlab-ce!31650

(cherry picked from commit 9e19125f)

7ccbb562 Fix Sidekiq scheduling_latency_s

When logging arguments from Sidekiq to JSON, restrict the size of `args`
to 10 KB (when converted to JSON). This is to avoid blowing up with
excessively large job payloads.

Enables frozen string for the following:

* lib/gitlab/patch/**/*.rb
* lib/gitlab/popen/**/*.rb
* lib/gitlab/profiler/**/*.rb
* lib/gitlab/project_authorizations/**/*.rb
* lib/gitlab/prometheus/**/*.rb
* lib/gitlab/query_limiting/**/*.rb
* lib/gitlab/quick_actions/**/*.rb
* lib/gitlab/redis/**/*.rb
* lib/gitlab/request_profiler/**/*.rb
* lib/gitlab/search/**/*.rb
* lib/gitlab/sherlock/**/*.rb
* lib/gitlab/sidekiq_middleware/**/*.rb
* lib/gitlab/slash_commands/**/*.rb
* lib/gitlab/sql/**/*.rb
* lib/gitlab/template/**/*.rb
* lib/gitlab/testing/**/*.rb
* lib/gitlab/utils/**/*.rb
* lib/gitlab/webpack/**/*.rb

Partially addresses gitlab-org/gitlab-ce#47424.

Closes #20060