Merge branch 'i18n-docs' into 'master'

Add guide to collaborate with i18n.

See merge request !11196

doc/development/README.md

@@ -50,6 +50,10 @@
 - [Post Deployment Migrations](post_deployment_migrations.md)
 - [Foreign Keys & Associations](foreign_keys.md)
+## i18n
+
+- [Internationalization for GitLab](i18n_guide.md)
+
 ## Compliance
 - [Licensing](licensing.md) for ensuring license compliance

doc/development/i18n_guide.md

+# Internationalization for GitLab
+
+> [Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/merge_requests/10669) in GitLab 9.2.
+
+For working with internationalization (i18n) we use
+[GNU gettext](https://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/) given it's the most used
+tool for this task and we have a lot of applications that will help us to work
+with it.
+
+## Tools
+
+We use a couple of gems:
+
+1. [`gettext_i18n_rails`](https://github.com/grosser/gettext_i18n_rails): this
+   gem allow us to translate content from models, views and controllers. Also
+   it gives us access to the following raketasks:
+    - `rake gettext:find`: Parses almost all the files from the
+      Rails application looking for content that has been marked for
+      translation. Finally, it updates the PO files with the new content that
+      it has found.
+    - `rake gettext:pack`: Processes the PO files and generates the
+      MO files that are binary and are finally used by the application.
+
+1. [`gettext_i18n_rails_js`](https://github.com/webhippie/gettext_i18n_rails_js):
+   this gem is useful to make the translations available in JavaScript. It
+   provides the following raketask:
+    - `rake gettext:po_to_json`: Reads the contents from the PO files and
+      generates JSON files containing all the available translations.
+
+1. PO editor: there are multiple applications that can help us to work with PO
+   files, a good option is [Poedit](https://poedit.net/download) which is
+   available for macOS, GNU/Linux and Windows.
+
+## Preparing a page for translation
+
+We basically have 4 types of files:
+
+1. Ruby files: basically Models and Controllers.
+1. HAML files: these are the view files.
+1. ERB files: used for email templates.
+1. JavaScript files: we mostly need to work with VUE JS templates.
+
+### Ruby files
+
+If there is a method or variable that works with a raw string, for instance:
+
+```ruby
+def hello
+  "Hello world!"
+end
+```
+
+Or:
+
+```ruby
+hello = "Hello world!"
+```
+
+You can easily mark that content for translation with:
+
+```ruby
+def hello
+  _("Hello world!")
+end
+```
+
+Or:
+
+```ruby
+hello = _("Hello world!")
+```
+
+### HAML files
+
+Given the following content in HAML:
+
+```haml
+%h1 Hello world!
+```
+
+You can mark that content for translation with:
+
+```haml
+%h1= _("Hello world!")
+```
+
+### ERB files
+
+Given the following content in ERB:
+
+```erb
+<h1>Hello world!</h1>
+```
+
+You can mark that content for translation with:
+
+```erb
+<h1><%= _("Hello world!") %></h1>
+```
+
+### JavaScript files
+
+In JavaScript we added the `__()` (double underscore parenthesis) function
+for translations.
+
+### Updating the PO files with the new content
+
+Now that the new content is marked for translation, we need to update the PO
+files with the following command:
+
+```sh
+bundle exec rake gettext:find
+```
+
+This command will update the `locale/**/gitlab.edit.po` file with the
+new content that the parser has found.
+
+New translations will be added with their default content and will be marked
+fuzzy. To use the translation, look for the `#, fuzzy` mention in `gitlab.edit.po`
+and remove it.
+
+Translations that aren't used in the source code anymore will be marked with
+`~#`; these can be removed to keep our translation files clutter-free.
+
+## Working with special content
+
+### Interpolation
+
+- In Ruby/HAML:
+
+    ```ruby
+    _("Hello %{name}") % { name: 'Joe' }
+    ```
+
+- In JavaScript: Not supported at this moment.
+
+### Plurals
+
+- In Ruby/HAML:
+
+    ```ruby
+    n_('Apple', 'Apples', 3) => 'Apples'
+    ```
+
+    Using interpolation:
+    ```ruby
+    n_("There is a mouse.", "There are %d mice.", size) % size
+    ```
+
+- In JavaScript:
+
+    ```js
+    n__('Apple', 'Apples', 3) => 'Apples'
+    ```
+
+    Using interpolation:
+
+    ```js
+    n__('Last day', 'Last %d days', 30) => 'Last 30 days'
+    ```
+
+### Namespaces
+
+Sometimes you need to add some context to the text that you want to translate
+(if the word occurs in a sentence and/or the word is ambiguous).
+
+- In Ruby/HAML:
+
+    ```ruby
+    s_('OpenedNDaysAgo|Opened')
+    ```
+
+    In case the translation is not found it will return `Opened`.
+
+- In JavaScript:
+
+    ```js
+    s__('OpenedNDaysAgo|Opened')
+    ```
+
+### Just marking content for parsing
+
+Sometimes there are some dynamic translations that can't be found by the
+parser when running `bundle exec rake gettext:find`. For these scenarios you can
+use the [`_N` method](https://github.com/grosser/gettext_i18n_rails/blob/c09e38d481e0899ca7d3fc01786834fa8e7aab97/Readme.md#unfound-translations-with-rake-gettextfind).
+
+There is also and alternative method to [translate messages from validation errors](https://github.com/grosser/gettext_i18n_rails/blob/c09e38d481e0899ca7d3fc01786834fa8e7aab97/Readme.md#option-a).
+
+## Adding a new language
+
+Let's suppose you want to add translations for a new language, let's say French.
+
+1. The first step is to register the new language in `lib/gitlab/i18n.rb`:
+
+    ```ruby
+    ...
+    AVAILABLE_LANGUAGES = {
+      ...,
+      'fr' => 'Français'
+    }.freeze
+    ...
+    ```
+
+1. Next, you need to add the language:
+
+    ```sh
+    bundle exec rake gettext:add_language[fr]
+    ```
+
+    If you want to add a new language for a specific region, the command is similar,
+    you just need to separate the region with an underscore (`_`). For example:
+
+    ```sh
+    bundle exec rake gettext:add_language[en_gb]
+    ```
+
+1. Now that the language is added, a new directory has been created under the
+   path: `locale/fr/`. You can now start using your PO editor to edit the PO file
+   located in: `locale/fr/gitlab.edit.po`.
+
+1. After you're done updating the translations, you need to process the PO files
+   in order to generate the binary MO files and finally update the JSON files
+   containing the translations:
+
+    ```sh
+    bundle exec rake gettext:pack
+    bundle exec rake gettext:po_to_json
+    ```
+
+1. In order to see the translated content we need to change our preferred language
+   which can be found under the user's **Settings** (`/profile`).
+
+1. After checking that the changes are ok, you can proceed to commit the new files.
+   For example:
+
+    ```sh
+    git add locale/fr/ app/assets/javascripts/locale/fr/
+    git commit -m "Add French translations for Cycle Analytics page"
+    ```