Usage ping port

What does this MR do?

Port the usage ping from EE to CE. To do this, I manually applied the main MRs, and cherry-picked commits where possible.

Are there points in the code the reviewer needs to double check?

Did I miss anything? I did git diff --name-only master | xargs -I _ git diff _ ../../gdk-ee/gitlab/_ to manually inspect the results, and I'll comment below if things need to change in EE.

Why was this MR needed?

So that we can get more data to make a better product.

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

• Changelog entry added, if necessary
• Documentation created/updated
• Tests
  • Added for this feature/bug
  • All builds are passing
• Conform by the merge request performance guides
• Conform by the style guides
• Branch has no merge conflicts with master (if it does - rebase it please)
• Squashed related commits together

What are the relevant issue numbers?

Closes https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/issues/27750.