ESLint: Fix `promise/catch-or-return` offences

What does this MR do?

This MR is an extension of !9969 (merged) and fixes promise/catch-or-return offences.

Are there points in the code the reviewer needs to double check?

Review every catch block added carefully to see if implementation is correct for the context or not.

Why was this MR needed?

See #27486 (moved)

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

• [ ] Changelog entry added
• [ ] Documentation created/updated
• [ ] API support added
• Tests
  • [ ] Added for this feature/bug
  • All builds are passing
• Conform by the merge request performance guides
• Conform by the style guides
• Branch has no merge conflicts with master (if it does - rebase it please)
• Squashed related commits together

What are the relevant issue numbers?

#27486 (moved)

Closes #29626 (moved)