async_hooks: proper id stacking for Promises

Fixes: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/13583

This won’t fix everything, but I think this is something that just qualifies as a right thing to do.

Checklist

• make -j4 test (UNIX), or vcbuild test (Windows) passes
• tests and/or benchmarks are included
• commit message follows commit guidelines

Affected core subsystem(s)

async_hooks

/cc @nodejs/async_hooks