(v6.x backport) tools: enforce two arguments in assert.throws

Backport of https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/12270 This includes backports of multiple other PRs that are required:

• https://github.com/nodejs/node/commit/ffdcfff3ac75addab54e0a4fa830733db8a4d32f: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/10807
• https://github.com/nodejs/node/commit/917e579a09f5a084d6f0024af1febe8a5a17ea4c: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/11215
• https://github.com/nodejs/node/commit/4056141cba4652e41b71b0344f72847667c827a6: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/11203
• https://github.com/nodejs/node/commit/85b17c115a6dc1b6a7e77a8726053215501be1d6: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/10752
• https://github.com/nodejs/node/commit/15b4be84caffe4cb2230e0eac3afa5d677c6a6af: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/10752
• https://github.com/nodejs/node/commit/15b4be84caffe4cb2230e0eac3afa5d677c6a6af: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/10734
• https://github.com/nodejs/node/commit/f40bd47065e05ac28a57ff4bc6bdc89448f9233a: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/10681
• https://github.com/nodejs/node/commit/0d27e357e284b09d25b8e9856dd9b8f132b59c77: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/12140
• https://github.com/nodejs/node/commit/d6b415322cdf76569f4eec7e1f10f48ceee4a249: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/10908
• https://github.com/nodejs/node/commit/593553d3f440294ba7bba95f3852ab6100120534: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/11622

Checklist

• make -j4 test (UNIX), or vcbuild test (Windows) passes
• commit message follows commit guidelines

Affected core subsystem(s)