lib: port errors to new system

This is a first batch of updates that touches non-underscored modules in /lib/.

Checklist

• make -j4 test (UNIX), or vcbuild test (Windows) passes
• tests and/or benchmarks are included
• commit message follows commit guidelines

Affected core subsystem(s)

all subsystems :)

/cc @joyeecheung @BridgeAR @jasnell