doc: add more missing backticks
Checklist
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make -j4 test
(UNIX), orvcbuild test
(Windows) passes -
documentation is changed or added -
commit message follows commit guidelines
Also, fix some other nits in passing (formatting, punctuation, typos, redundancy, obsoleteness).
There were some dubious cases: it is not always clear if words like Object, Function, String, Error etc are used in their type/class meaning or a common meaning (even considering that I've checked only uppercased variants). I did my best guessing and sometimes just lowercased the words.
If I've overdone it somewhere, please, correct me and I will revert these cases in fixup commits.
cc @nodejs/documentation.