fs: add default options for stat, fstat, and lstat

Add default options to the function signatures for fs.stat, fs.fstat, and fs.lstat.

This allows a library to pass undefined to get the default options.

Fixes: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/29113

Checklist

• make -j4 test (UNIX), or vcbuild test (Windows) passes
• tests and/or benchmarks are included
• commit message follows commit guidelines