tools: add preprocessor directive styling rules to linter

Added function to cpp linter that checks for styling of preprocessor directives. The styling rules chosen were;

1. No space between # and directive
2. Uniform spacing between directive, identifier, and replacement

Fix: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/28605

Checklist

• make -j4 test (UNIX), or vcbuild test (Windows) passes (https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/master/doc/guides/contributing/pull-requests.md#commit-message-guidelines)