tools: add check for directives styling

Updated the C++ linter to check for preprocessor directive styling and updated files to conform to the new styling rules. The chosen styling rules are as follows;

1. No space between # and the directive.
2. Use one whitespace between define and the identifier.
3. No space between defined and the open parenthesis in #if defined(XYZ).
4. Use one whitespace between undef and the identifier.
5. Consistent indentation in if/ifdef/ifndef blocks

Fixes: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/28605

Checklist

• make -j4 test (UNIX), or vcbuild test (Windows) passes (https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/master/doc/guides/contributing/pull-requests.md#commit-message-guidelines)