crypto: add keyObject.asymmetricKeyDetails for asymmetric keys

This API exposes key details. It is conceptually different from the previously discussed keyObject.fields property since it does not give access to information that could compromise the security of the key, and the obtained information cannot be used to uniquely identify a key.

The intended purpose is to determine "security properties" of keys, e.g. to generate a new key pair with the same parameters, or to decide whether a key is secure enough.

This replaces and closes #30045

Checklist

• make -j4 test (UNIX), or vcbuild test (Windows) passes
• tests and/or benchmarks are included
• documentation is changed or added
• commit message follows commit guidelines