lib: rewrite AsyncLocalStorage without async_hooks
I'm working on rewriting AsyncLocalStorage to use v8::SetContinuationPreservedEmbedderData(...) in a similar model to Cloudflare and in anticipation of the upcoming AsyncContext proposal.
This is not done yet but is mostly working as-is. I have not got to benchmarking or writing tests for it yet, but it seems to be passing most of the existing AsyncLocalStorage.
cc @nodejs/diagnostics @nodejs/performance