cli: add flag for disabling globals

Per https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/50412#issuecomment-1783405435, this creates a new flag --disable-global to provide the user a way to disable certain global APIs. The globals that can be disabled include CustomEvent, fetch (and its associated FormData, Headers, Request, and Response), navigator, and WebSocket.

The motivation for this flag is both to provide a compatibility escape hatch and also to abstract this ability for future global APIs. We currently have several flags for specific web APIs, like --no-experimental-fetch and --no-experimental-global-customevent; as we continue to add web APIs, which are often globals, these per-API flags will proliferate. Rather than continue to grow our long list of CLI flags, a single flag that takes multiple options seems preferable.

@nodejs/web-standards @nodejs/tsc