test:refactor test-tls-hello-parser-failure

Checklist

• make -j8 test (UNIX), or vcbuild test nosign (Windows) passes
• commit message follows commit guidelines

Affected core subsystem(s)

test tls

Description of change

• setTimeout() with no duration -> setImmediate()
• add common.mustCall() where appropriate
• var -> const
• .on() -> .once()