installation.md
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Jacob Vosmaer (GitLab) authored
Fixes rejected API git archive extensions; improves Sentry errors.
Jacob Vosmaer (GitLab) authoredFixes rejected API git archive extensions; improves Sentry errors.
Installation from source
Consider the Omnibus package installation
Since an installation from source is a lot of work and error prone we strongly recommend the fast and reliable Omnibus package installation (deb/rpm).
One reason the Omnibus package is more reliable is its use of Runit to restart any of the GitLab processes in case one crashes. On heavily used GitLab instances the memory usage of the Sidekiq background worker will grow over time. Omnibus packages solve this by letting the Sidekiq terminate gracefully if it uses too much memory. After this termination Runit will detect Sidekiq is not running and will start it. Since installations from source don't have Runit, Sidekiq can't be terminated and its memory usage will grow over time.
Select Version to Install
Make sure you view this installation guide from the tag (version) of GitLab you would like to install. In most cases this should be the highest numbered production tag (without rc in it). You can select the tag in the version dropdown in the top left corner of GitLab (below the menu bar).
If the highest number stable branch is unclear please check the GitLab Blog for installation guide links by version.
Important Notes
This guide is long because it covers many cases and includes all commands you need, this is one of the few installation scripts that actually works out of the box.
This installation guide was created for and tested on Debian/Ubuntu operating systems. Please read requirements.md for hardware and operating system requirements. If you want to install on RHEL/CentOS we recommend using the Omnibus packages.
This is the official installation guide to set up a production server. To set up a development installation or for many other installation options please see the installation section of the readme.
The following steps have been known to work. Please use caution when you deviate from this guide. Make sure you don't violate any assumptions GitLab makes about its environment. For example many people run into permission problems because they changed the location of directories or run services as the wrong user.
If you find a bug/error in this guide please submit a merge request following the contributing guide.
Overview
The GitLab installation consists of setting up the following components:
- Packages / Dependencies
- Ruby
- Go
- System Users
- Database
- Redis
- GitLab
- Nginx
1. Packages / Dependencies
sudo
is not installed on Debian by default. Make sure your system is
up-to-date and install it.
# run as root!
apt-get update -y
apt-get upgrade -y
apt-get install sudo -y
Note: During this installation some files will need to be edited manually. If you are familiar with vim set it as default editor with the commands below. If you are not familiar with vim please skip this and keep using the default editor.
# Install vim and set as default editor
sudo apt-get install -y vim
sudo update-alternatives --set editor /usr/bin/vim.basic
Install the required packages (needed to compile Ruby and native extensions to Ruby gems):
sudo apt-get install -y build-essential zlib1g-dev libyaml-dev libssl-dev libgdbm-dev libreadline-dev libncurses5-dev libffi-dev curl openssh-server checkinstall libxml2-dev libxslt-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev libicu-dev logrotate python-docutils pkg-config cmake nodejs
If you want to use Kerberos for user authentication, then install libkrb5-dev:
sudo apt-get install libkrb5-dev
Note: If you don't know what Kerberos is, you can assume you don't need it.
Make sure you have the right version of Git installed
# Install Git
sudo apt-get install -y git-core
# Make sure Git is version 2.7.4 or higher
git --version
Is the system packaged Git too old? Remove it and compile from source.
# Remove packaged Git
sudo apt-get remove git-core
# Install dependencies
sudo apt-get install -y libcurl4-openssl-dev libexpat1-dev gettext libz-dev libssl-dev build-essential
# Download and compile from source
cd /tmp
curl --remote-name --progress https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/git-2.7.4.tar.gz
echo '7104c4f5d948a75b499a954524cb281fe30c6649d8abe20982936f75ec1f275b git-2.7.4.tar.gz' | shasum -a256 -c - && tar -xzf git-2.7.4.tar.gz
cd git-2.7.4/
./configure
make prefix=/usr/local all
# Install into /usr/local/bin
sudo make prefix=/usr/local install
# When editing config/gitlab.yml (Step 5), change the git -> bin_path to /usr/local/bin/git
Note: In order to receive mail notifications, make sure to install a mail server. By default, Debian is shipped with exim4 but this has problems while Ubuntu does not ship with one. The recommended mail server is postfix and you can install it with:
sudo apt-get install -y postfix
Then select 'Internet Site' and press enter to confirm the hostname.
2. Ruby
_Note: The current supported Ruby versions are 2.1.x and 2.3.x. 2.3.x is preferred, and support for 2.1.x will be dropped in the future.
The use of Ruby version managers such as RVM, rbenv or chruby with GitLab in production, frequently leads to hard to diagnose problems. For example, GitLab Shell is called from OpenSSH, and having a version manager can prevent pushing and pulling over SSH. Version managers are not supported and we strongly advise everyone to follow the instructions below to use a system Ruby.
Remove the old Ruby 1.8 if present:
sudo apt-get remove ruby1.8
Download Ruby and compile it:
mkdir /tmp/ruby && cd /tmp/ruby
curl --remote-name --progress https://cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/2.3/ruby-2.3.1.tar.gz
echo 'c39b4001f7acb4e334cb60a0f4df72d434bef711 ruby-2.3.1.tar.gz' | shasum -c - && tar xzf ruby-2.3.1.tar.gz
cd ruby-2.3.1
./configure --disable-install-rdoc
make
sudo make install
Install the Bundler Gem:
sudo gem install bundler --no-ri --no-rdoc
3. Go
Since GitLab 8.0, Git HTTP requests are handled by gitlab-workhorse (formerly gitlab-git-http-server). This is a small daemon written in Go. To install gitlab-workhorse we need a Go compiler. The instructions below assume you use 64-bit Linux. You can find downloads for other platforms at the Go download page.
curl --remote-name --progress https://storage.googleapis.com/golang/go1.5.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz
echo '43afe0c5017e502630b1aea4d44b8a7f059bf60d7f29dfd58db454d4e4e0ae53 go1.5.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz' | shasum -a256 -c - && \
sudo tar -C /usr/local -xzf go1.5.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz
sudo ln -sf /usr/local/go/bin/{go,godoc,gofmt} /usr/local/bin/
rm go1.5.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz
4. System Users
Create a git
user for GitLab:
sudo adduser --disabled-login --gecos 'GitLab' git
5. Database
We recommend using a PostgreSQL database. For MySQL check the MySQL setup guide.
Note: because we need to make use of extensions you need at least pgsql 9.1.
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Install the database packages:
sudo apt-get install -y postgresql postgresql-client libpq-dev postgresql-contrib
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Create a database user for GitLab:
sudo -u postgres psql -d template1 -c "CREATE USER git CREATEDB;"
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Create the GitLab production database and grant all privileges on database:
sudo -u postgres psql -d template1 -c "CREATE DATABASE gitlabhq_production OWNER git;"
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Create the
pg_trgm
extension (required for GitLab 8.6+):sudo -u postgres psql -d template1 -c "CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS pg_trgm;"
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Try connecting to the new database with the new user:
sudo -u git -H psql -d gitlabhq_production
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Check if the
pg_trgm
extension is enabled:SELECT true AS enabled FROM pg_available_extensions WHERE name = 'pg_trgm' AND installed_version IS NOT NULL;
If the extension is enabled this will produce the following output:
enabled --------- t (1 row)
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Quit the database session:
gitlabhq_production> \q
6. Redis
GitLab requires at least Redis 2.8.
If you are using Debian 8 or Ubuntu 14.04 and up, then you can simply install Redis 2.8 with:
sudo apt-get install redis-server
If you are using Debian 7 or Ubuntu 12.04, follow the special documentation on an alternate Redis installation. Once done, follow the rest of the guide here.
# Configure redis to use sockets
sudo cp /etc/redis/redis.conf /etc/redis/redis.conf.orig
# Disable Redis listening on TCP by setting 'port' to 0
sed 's/^port .*/port 0/' /etc/redis/redis.conf.orig | sudo tee /etc/redis/redis.conf
# Enable Redis socket for default Debian / Ubuntu path
echo 'unixsocket /var/run/redis/redis.sock' | sudo tee -a /etc/redis/redis.conf
# Grant permission to the socket to all members of the redis group
echo 'unixsocketperm 770' | sudo tee -a /etc/redis/redis.conf
# Create the directory which contains the socket
mkdir /var/run/redis
chown redis:redis /var/run/redis
chmod 755 /var/run/redis
# Persist the directory which contains the socket, if applicable
if [ -d /etc/tmpfiles.d ]; then
echo 'd /var/run/redis 0755 redis redis 10d -' | sudo tee -a /etc/tmpfiles.d/redis.conf
fi
# Activate the changes to redis.conf
sudo service redis-server restart
# Add git to the redis group
sudo usermod -aG redis git
7. GitLab
# We'll install GitLab into home directory of the user "git"
cd /home/git
Clone the Source
# Clone GitLab repository
sudo -u git -H git clone https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce.git -b 8-12-stable gitlab
Note: You can change 8-12-stable
to master
if you want the bleeding edge version, but never install master on a production server!
Configure It
# Go to GitLab installation folder
cd /home/git/gitlab
# Copy the example GitLab config
sudo -u git -H cp config/gitlab.yml.example config/gitlab.yml
# Update GitLab config file, follow the directions at top of file
sudo -u git -H editor config/gitlab.yml
# Copy the example secrets file
sudo -u git -H cp config/secrets.yml.example config/secrets.yml
sudo -u git -H chmod 0600 config/secrets.yml
# Make sure GitLab can write to the log/ and tmp/ directories
sudo chown -R git log/
sudo chown -R git tmp/
sudo chmod -R u+rwX,go-w log/
sudo chmod -R u+rwX tmp/
# Make sure GitLab can write to the tmp/pids/ and tmp/sockets/ directories
sudo chmod -R u+rwX tmp/pids/
sudo chmod -R u+rwX tmp/sockets/
# Create the public/uploads/ directory
sudo -u git -H mkdir public/uploads/
# Make sure only the GitLab user has access to the public/uploads/ directory
# now that files in public/uploads are served by gitlab-workhorse
sudo chmod 0700 public/uploads
# Change the permissions of the directory where CI build traces are stored
sudo chmod -R u+rwX builds/
# Change the permissions of the directory where CI artifacts are stored
sudo chmod -R u+rwX shared/artifacts/
# Copy the example Unicorn config
sudo -u git -H cp config/unicorn.rb.example config/unicorn.rb
# Find number of cores
nproc
# Enable cluster mode if you expect to have a high load instance
# Set the number of workers to at least the number of cores
# Ex. change amount of workers to 3 for 2GB RAM server
sudo -u git -H editor config/unicorn.rb
# Copy the example Rack attack config
sudo -u git -H cp config/initializers/rack_attack.rb.example config/initializers/rack_attack.rb
# Configure Git global settings for git user
# 'autocrlf' is needed for the web editor
sudo -u git -H git config --global core.autocrlf input
# Disable 'git gc --auto' because GitLab already runs 'git gc' when needed
sudo -u git -H git config --global gc.auto 0
# Enable packfile bitmaps
sudo -u git -H git config --global repack.writeBitmaps true
# Configure Redis connection settings
sudo -u git -H cp config/resque.yml.example config/resque.yml
# Change the Redis socket path if you are not using the default Debian / Ubuntu configuration
sudo -u git -H editor config/resque.yml
Important Note: Make sure to edit both gitlab.yml
and unicorn.rb
to match your setup.
Note: If you want to use HTTPS, see Using HTTPS for the additional steps.
Configure GitLab DB Settings
# PostgreSQL only:
sudo -u git cp config/database.yml.postgresql config/database.yml
# MySQL only:
sudo -u git cp config/database.yml.mysql config/database.yml
# MySQL and remote PostgreSQL only:
# Update username/password in config/database.yml.
# You only need to adapt the production settings (first part).
# If you followed the database guide then please do as follows:
# Change 'secure password' with the value you have given to $password
# You can keep the double quotes around the password
sudo -u git -H editor config/database.yml
# PostgreSQL and MySQL:
# Make config/database.yml readable to git only
sudo -u git -H chmod o-rwx config/database.yml
Install Gems
Note: As of bundler 1.5.2, you can invoke bundle install -jN
(where N
the number of your processor cores) and enjoy the parallel gems installation with measurable difference in completion time (~60% faster). Check the number of your cores with nproc
. For more information check this post. First make sure you have bundler >= 1.5.2 (run bundle -v
) as it addresses some issues that were fixed in 1.5.2.
# For PostgreSQL (note, the option says "without ... mysql")
sudo -u git -H bundle install --deployment --without development test mysql aws kerberos
# Or if you use MySQL (note, the option says "without ... postgres")
sudo -u git -H bundle install --deployment --without development test postgres aws kerberos
Note: If you want to use Kerberos for user authentication, then omit kerberos
in the --without
option above.
Install GitLab Shell
GitLab Shell is an SSH access and repository management software developed specially for GitLab.
# Run the installation task for gitlab-shell (replace `REDIS_URL` if needed):
sudo -u git -H bundle exec rake gitlab:shell:install REDIS_URL=unix:/var/run/redis/redis.sock RAILS_ENV=production
# By default, the gitlab-shell config is generated from your main GitLab config.
# You can review (and modify) the gitlab-shell config as follows:
sudo -u git -H editor /home/git/gitlab-shell/config.yml
Note: If you want to use HTTPS, see Using HTTPS for the additional steps.
Note: Make sure your hostname can be resolved on the machine itself by either a proper DNS record or an additional line in /etc/hosts ("127.0.0.1 hostname"). This might be necessary for example if you set up GitLab behind a reverse proxy. If the hostname cannot be resolved, the final installation check will fail with "Check GitLab API access: FAILED. code: 401" and pushing commits will be rejected with "[remote rejected] master -> master (hook declined)".
Install gitlab-workhorse
GitLab-Workhorse uses GNU Make.
If you are not using Linux you may have to run gmake
instead of
make
below.